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Selasa, 03 Oktober 2017

Jebakan Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Konstan

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<b>Oleh : Suroto</b></div>
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Model pertumbuhan ekonomi konstan banyak dikembangkan di negara berkembang dan termasuk Indonesia. Ternyata model ini tak hanya ciptakan kesenjangan yang tidak menguntungkan rakyat kebanyakan, tapi juga menjadi semacam ketergantungan.</div>
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Pemerintahan Orde Baru (Orba) telah mampu meningkatkan legitimasi politiknya dengan bebaskan tekanan ekonomi akibat inflasi hingga 640 persen. Inflasi turun hingga 11 persen dan ekonomi tumbuh 9,4 persen pada lima tahun pertama pemerintahan. Semenjak inilah apapun tensi politiknya, hanya satu pilihanya, ekonomi harus tumbuh hingga kita terjebak pada pertumbuhan ekonomi konstan.</div>
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Selain ekonomi dualistik yang tak berubah strukturnya seperti pada masa kolonialisme, ternyata gempita pembangunan yang bertumpu pada pertumbuhan ekonomi konstan hanya sisakan ancaman defisit fiskal untuk menambal sulam masalah kemiskinan. Ditambah krisis ekologi yang terjadi akibat laju pertumbuhan komoditi ekstraktif yang ditopang oleh sektor tertier.</div>
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Ekonomi kita terus bertumbuh hampir tanpa jeda hingga rata-rata 5 persen, namun ternyata belum juga mampu ciptakan modalitas finansial pembangunan. Kita hanya mampu ciptakan ekonomi “merembes ke atas” yang setiap saat dapat tergerus oleh gejolak ekonomi dunia yang semakin tidak menentu.</div>
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Skala investasi asing semakin besar, utang membengkak, ekonomi tumbuh dengan ketergatungan konsumsi yang tinggi pada importasi pangan dan energi serta harga komoditi ekstraktif yang selalu berkecenderungan turun secara relatif dibandingkan dengan sektor pangan.</div>
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Sektor usaha rakyat yang sediakan peluang pekerjaan bagi sebagian besar angkatan kerja justru semakin tergencet oleh kebijakan yang disinsentif seperti pajak yang semakin tinggi, dan biaya modal yang tinggi. Pertumbuhan ekonomi tinggi menjadi berhubungan diametral terhadap realitas sosial ekonomi masyarakat.</div>
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Berkah “oil booming” tahun 1980 an era Orba dan juga “commodity booming” era SBY ternyata tak mampu merombak struktur ekonomi secara mendasar. Struktur ekonomi dualistik Booke masih tetap kukuh dan ketimpangan justru menujukkan skala yang semakin konsentratif, akumulatif dan monopolistik.</div>
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Dalam satu dasawarsa terakhir, ekonomi tumbuh tumbuh lebih 5 persen, namun ketimpangan dari kelompok elit kaya dan kelompok menengah ke bawah mayoritas justru semakin konsentratif. Ini dapat dilihat dari rasio gini tetap kukuh bertengger di angka 0,40 an. Kue ekonomi yang ternyata 25 persen dikuasai hanya oleh 0,02 jumlah penduduk, dan kepemilikkan asset nasional yang menganga lebar karena separuhnya lebih hanya dikuasai oleh 1 persen elit kaya.</div>
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Dalam mashab pertumbuhan ekonomi konstan ini, pemerintahan yang otoritarian ataupun yang dianggap demokratis ternyata hanya terletak pada perbedaan style manajernya. Tergantung bagaimana mengambil hati masyarakat agar tetap percaya bahwa ekonomi tumbuh dan bertumbuh terus menerus.</div>
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<b>Konstelasi Global</b></div>
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Ekonomi global yang mengarah pada ekonomi pasar bebas sejak tahun 1980 an butuh jalinan strategis politis antara negara maju sebagai penganut sistem kapitalisme pusat dan negara berkembang seperti Indonesia sebagai penganut sistem kapitalisme pinggiran. Sehingga benar apa yang diteorikan oleh Welernstein, pertumbuhan ekonomi konstan dipertahankan di negara berkembang untuk menjaga kelanggengan dari proses eksploitasi oleh negara maju.</div>
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Model ekonomi yang berorientasi pada kapitalisme negara (state-led capitalism) sebelumnya pada akhirnya mengalami perubahan yang semakin drastis ke orientasi kepemimpinan-pasar kapitalistik ( market-led capitalism) agar kompatibel dengan pasar bebas. Kebijakan ekonomi nasional kita pada akhirnya sepenuhnya tunduk pada aturan main “Washington Concensus” dengan trimatranya : liberasisasi, deregulasi dan privatisasi.</div>
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Proses konsolidasi politik terjadi dengan berbagai kompromi kebijakan yang tentu harus “ramah” terhadap kepentingan pasar. Posisi negara menjadi sub-ordinat terhadap kepentingan pasar global yang sepenuhnya dikendalikan oleh negara-negara maju.</div>
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Meminjam istilah Dawam Rahardjo, negara bergeser dalam posisi sebagai “ penjaga malam” menjadi “petugas kebersihan”. Ini ditandai dengan kebijakan alokasi fiskal yang besar untuk menalangi krisis ekonomi konjungtural, kerusakan alam, kebodohan, kemiskinan, pengangguran sebagai residu dari sistem pertumbuhan ekonomi konstan.</div>
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Layanan publik seperti kesehatan, pendidikan juga tak lepas sebagai kapling baru komodifikasi dan komersialisasi. Sementara regulasi perbankkan kita tercatat sebagai terliberal di dunia dengan biarkan investasi asing hingga 99 persen.</div>
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Ekonomi rumah tangga yang konsumtif menjadi topangan pertumbuhan ekonomi. Sektor domestik, terutama sektor pangan dan energi kita menjadi tidak terurus dan kita menderita ketergantungan pada sektor ekonomi ekstraktif yang sangat tergantung pada fluktuasi pasar internasional dan sekaligus oligopoli aktor perdagangan nternasional. Sehingga apa yang diperingatkan Bung Hatta tahun 1931 jadilah kenyataan, kita telah jadikan ekonomi yang seharusnya ujung jadi pangkal dan yang pangkal jadi ujung.</div>
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<b>Sub-ordinasi </b><br />
Betapa konstitusi kita menganut sistem demokrasi ekonomi, namun paradigma fundamentalisme pasar dari mashab ekonomi neo-klasik Smithian saat ini telah menjadi modus operandi kebijakan pemerintah hingga saat ini. Paradigma fundamentalis pasar ini akhirnya jadikan posisi negara, masyarakat tersub-ordinasi atau mengabdi pada kepentingan pasar atau kepentingan bisnis. Dalam perkataan lain, apa yang baik untuk para pemilik kapital besar maka baik juga buat negara, baik untuk masyarakat.</div>
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Konsekwensinya, kita dapat lihat dalam keseharian praktek politik, hukum, kehidupan sosial, corak militer dan kebudayaan kita seperti telah jatuh dalam sistem yang materialistik, transaksional dan menggerus karakter bangsa hingga menjadi oportunis dan pragmatis berlebih-lebihan. Ini menjadi kontradiktif dengan semangat revolusi mental yang telah didengungkan.</div>
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Pada akhirnya, demokrasi politik dan demokrasi ekonomi di satu sisi menjadi berjalan begitu timpang. Demokrasi politik berjalan hingga menjadi ultra demokrasi. Sementara demokrasi ekonomi terseok di belakang dan tertinggal di buritan. Padahal, demokrasi politik yang minus demokrasi ekonomi itu sejatinya adalah suatu rezim anti-demokrasi. Sebabnya, hubungan menjadi tidak setara tapi menjadi kooptatif dan mendekte. Ditambah dengan sisa-sisa feodalisme yang mengeras dalam birokrasi maka muncullah satu sistem patrimonial akut.</div>
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<b>Solusi Demokratisasi Ekonomi</b></div>
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Kalau kita ingin terabas jebakkan ketergantungan pada pertumbuhan ekonomi konstan ini maka dimensi pembangunan harus diarahkan ke dalam agenda demokratisasi ekonomi sebagaimana diperintahkan konstitusi. Perlu adanya arah baru perubahan strategi dan kebijakan pembangunan ekonomi yang lebih partisipatorik dan menaruh supremasi manusia lebih tinggi dari yang material. Ini semua demi keamanan ekonomi, keseimbangan ekologikal, keadilan sosial, dan stabilitas politik.</div>
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Kita dapat belajar dari sukses Korea Selatan, Taiwan, dan Jepang bagaimana meredistribusi kekayaan dan pendapatan dan memastikan tidak lepas ke tangan yang kaya lagi. Setelah itu pengembangan sumberdaya manusia harus menjadi tumpuan. Mungkin akan terjadi ketegangan karena terjadinya perlambatan ekonomi karena alokasi besar ke sektor pembiayaan sumberdaya manusia seperti ini. Ini harus terjelaskan dengan kepemimpinan yang kokoh dan tegas.</div>
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Bonus demografi yang dalam waktu dekat sedang menuju ke puncaknya tahun 2030 harus kita manfaatkan. Anak-anak muda yang akan mengisi hingga 70 persen dari jumlah populasi harus didorong untuk bergerak di sektor industri padat karya. Mereka harus punya pekerjaan kalau tidak akan jadi amunisi kekerasan yang ancam keberlangsungan bangsa. Kebijakan ekonomi substitusi import pangan dan energi perlahan kita gerakkan dengan dorong industrialisasi skala besar dalam sektor ekonomi domestik. Sementara negara maju banyak konsentrasi ke industri jasa yang padat modal kita tampilkan keunggulan lain di sektor industri rumah tangga dan padat kerja. Sehingga keuntungan ekonomi pada akhirnya kita dapatkan dari sini.</div>
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Demokrasi harus hadir dalam ruang keseharian rakyat, di tempat kerja, untuk ciptakan demokrasi bagi sebuah negara. Demokrasi tidak hanya bisa diwujudkan melalui voting, bukan dengan sabotase, dan apalagi hanya dengan pajak tinggi. Demokrasi ekonomi itu adalah sebuah perubahan permanen. Perubahan kearah keadilan sosial bagi seluruh rakyat bukan segelintir orang. Demokratisasi ekonomi adalah cara untuk berikan rakyat peluang untuk mengkreasi kekayaan dan pendapatan, bukan hanya keluarkan dari kemiskinan.</div>
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Jakarta, 18 Agustus 2017</div>
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Suroto, Ketua Asosiasi Kader Sosio-Ekonomi Strategis (AKSES) dan Ketua Koperasi Trisakti Bhakti Pertiwi (KOSAKTI), alumni Unsoed.</div>

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<span style="font-family: "baskerville old face", serif; text-align: left;"><b>By:
Suroto</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "baskerville old face" , "serif";">My
name is Suroto, I am a chairman of the National Association of Socio-Economic
Cadres (NASSEC), a "think-tank"  organization for socio-economy that aims to
encourage of social and economic cadres and develop a variety of new
innovations in the field of socio-economic and including cooperatives.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "baskerville old face" , "serif";">Now
I am also involved in several pilot cooperatives. Being chairman of the
multi-stakeholder cooperative that we initiated together social activists at
the national level, vice chairman at the secondary consumer co-operative, and also
initiated cooperative media.  Since I was
a student I was also active in the organization of cooperatives and cooperative
studies group until now.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "baskerville old face" , "serif";">Twenty
years ago I was a young man like you.  Now
I'm getting old.  In the discussion this
time I just want to share my experience and talk with you all how should young
people play a role to build a better world, more justice, sustainable, and
peaceful.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "baskerville old face" , "serif";">The
reasons for the cooperative is to build the future. Cooperative built and
developed is to build systems a better future. So the involvement of young
people is important. You all are the main resources are dynamic and progressive
to overhaul current unequal system.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "baskerville old face" , "serif";">The
world is now split into two asymmetrical, the world's assets are currently only
a handful of rich people to pile on. The world also over a hundred years ago to
the present is still split into two. Consisting of unholly elites above and
suffering of many  poor people more under
a competitive environment in the wild. The current world economic pie is only
half occupied by 1 per cent of the population. In Indonesia the single-family
dwellings in the cart without land ownership. While there is one family that
controlled the land area of </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"></span><span style="font-family: "baskerville old face" , "serif";">South Korea. I see the same
conditions in other countries in other parts of the world we call the third
world ( I don’t know where is the first and second? </span><span style="font-family: "wingdings"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Baskerville Old Face"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Baskerville Old Face"; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">J</span><span style="font-family: "baskerville old face" , "serif";"> ). <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "baskerville old face" , "serif";">This
is a bad sign of a social economic system that works this time. This is a big
problem not only because it would threaten the future, but the problem
importance for prevention efforts made so far really does not show sincerity
and honesty.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "baskerville old face" , "serif";">State
leaders, opinion leaders, leaders of social activists in various parts of the
world has long been aware of these problems and have repeatedly seek and
provide solutions. But we can see clearly, the world did not change its
structure. The gap occurs between the richest and the poorest and the north and
south. Municipalities and regions.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "baskerville old face" , "serif";">Social
economic pyramid still work in a pattern that can hardly be said to stagnate.
Infidelity politicians in and the rich people made an plutocarchi (olygarchy
and plutocracy) system. They control a national asset, and also the world's
assets in almost no significant changes how shifts in the ideological has
repeatedly shifted from right to left and from the right to repeatedly guess.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "baskerville old face" , "serif";">This
system should not be allowed, the system must be overhauled as fundamental. The
world needs young people reformist. Those who have concern for humanity and
want to overhaul the status quo. And you are a necessity that future.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "baskerville old face" , "serif";">You,
me and young people around the world have the same responsibility to make the
structural changes that have crippled. As a cooperative activists we have a
responsibility to do a fundamental change. Our future we can not leave it to
someone else, it is our decisive and we alone must do the effort to help
themselves together to save the future world.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "baskerville old face" , "serif";">Now,
and future is in the hands of young people. We must declare to the world that
the social reforms that can be done to create a democracy in the workplace
through cooperatives and fundamental changes in the regulation of social and
economic problems and community in general.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "baskerville old face" , "serif";">We
must give a strong message that the social reforms to be made to set up shop
owned and managed together by producers, consumers, and workers. Through
ownership of the bank to its customers. Workers0-owned manufacturing industry.
Houses are built and managed by residents. The mass media are owned and managed
by the public. Hospital owne by the people. We must fight and  jointly that the social dimension of economic
solidarity also  a cooperative is an
important infrastructure for the improvement of the world !. The world's need
for equality can coexist as brothers. There is no brotherhood without equality.
And more important than that all is provide concrete examples in the field and
not just talk. Cooperator should be walk to talk, not an argue.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "baskerville old face" , "serif";">We
must do to fight regulations limiting the ratio of salary, stock ownership by
the workers in the company, and remodel all rules that exclude cooperative,
sub-ordinated cooperatives and cooperative elimination in the modern business
area.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "baskerville old face" , "serif";">Back
to the past experience. It's just to share my experience alone. Since I was a student,
I've led a student co-operative. Cooperatives in its structure that only allows
students become members. The cooperative is not well developed for nearly 25
years. Members only come to learn entrepreneurship unsich! and those who just have
have sipirit  as a servant of capitalist.  <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "baskerville old face" , "serif";">What
I did and my young colleague to see this reality at that time? We made a great
discourse, that the basic philosophy of the cooperative is to everyone without
discrimination. Then, we did a massive changed and now it has turned into a pure
consumer cooperatives that are open to anyone. Students, professors, workers,
communities around the cooperative is a member and sits on an equal footing to get
benefit and advance from cooperative.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "baskerville old face" , "serif";">This
cooperative has changed completely, not just open the membership of social
status backgrounds are diverse, but also understanding cooperative knowledge
through cooperative educational activities are held regularly. I saw the last
store has grown from a storefront into four shops whose building their  assets in billions of rupiahs and other
services business unit, and one of them is the development of a cooperative
study group and community empowerment . To see more you can visit the website:
www.kopkun.com and www.kopkuninstitute.org<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "baskerville old face" , "serif";">From
this experience we want to say to you, that young people it is not an exclusive
group that is preoccupied with his own game. We must open ourselves to see
things around us and should not be deprived of our social roots.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "baskerville old face" , "serif";">When
iI was active as a student, there is one learning project that we can do
together internationaly. We wrote a book which was facilitated by the
International Co-operative Alliance (ICA) in collaboration with the University
of Victoria with a print book "Youth Reinventing Co-operative". </span><span style="font-family: "baskerville old face" , serif;">Hopefully,
this meeting could produce real work full collaboration.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "baskerville old face" , "serif";">Cooperatives
have brought me in depth. Turns past I can not avoid its influence. I to this
day still with movement. My interesting on co-operative must be a manifested.
When the regulation of cooperatives established by the Government and
Parliament of epistemological defect I feel called and involved in the struggle
to do the cancellation the  Law of
Cooperatives in front of the Constitutional Court. This effort has been
successful and provide additional sooth spirit that we will keep bringing
impact for a better future. This is a strong signal that if we have the will we
must have given way.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "baskerville old face" , "serif";">We
are not only need good regulation, but regulation is good for the growth and
development of cooperatives has been a long time away. Youngsters are boundless
energy and a lot provide great support for the creation of regulatory changes
and government policies. This is for the preservation of the world.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "baskerville old face" , "serif";">Friends,
times have changed and people anywhere in the world have now started demanding
change. Professor Ferdinand Tonnies, 1884 has estimated that the future of the
public system will be back to give recognition of the importance of common
universal values </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"></span><span style="font-family: "baskerville old face" , "serif";">and want to work with are no
longer demanding a profit but for the benefit of all parties. We must catch the
strong signal changes that occur at this time for changes to be implemented as
intended and are not held hostage by the power back autocracy and plutocracy.
Era of crowdsourcing  now, and digital
era now, must strive for the interchanges and a system that is fair to all.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "baskerville old face" , "serif";">Some
of my recommendations for a sustainable project of this meeting are:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "baskerville old face" , "serif";">1.
Develop cooperative solidarity among youth in Asia and the Pacific concretely
with interwoven connectedness organization significantly by utilizing advances
in technology; start with a simple project to build the site and measure the
approximate time and vision might be reached;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "baskerville old face" , "serif";">2.
Sort the category field of interest of each activists such as; advocating
regulations and government policies, development of joint projects, strategic
collaborations, research and development.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "baskerville old face" , "serif";">3.
Establish informal relationships with closely while respecting differences
existing capabilities and establish regular meetings with report an increase in
concrete projects.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "baskerville old face" , "serif";">The
world in which we live today is a house together and brotherhood will occur
will only be realized because of the tangle of solidarity equivalent.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "baskerville old face" , "serif";">Bali,
23 September 2016<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "baskerville old face" , "serif";">ICA AP YOUTH CAMP</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "baskerville old face" , "serif";">Suroto<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "baskerville old face" , "serif";">Chairman
of NASSEC<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Social Economic Gap and Inovation

By: Suroto My name is Suroto, I am a chairman of the National Association of Socio-Economic Cadres (NASSEC), a "think-tank&quo...

Kesenjangan Sosial Ekonomi Dan Inovasi Sosial

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<div style="text-align: left;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Oleh : Suroto**</span></b></div>
</div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Perkenalkan,
nama saya Suroto, saya adalah ketua dari Asosiasi Kader Sosio-Ekonomi Strategis
(AKSES), merupakan organisasi “think-thank “ sosial ekonomi yang bertujuan
untuk mendorong munculnya kader-kader sosial ekonomi yang berkarakter dan
kembangkan berbagai inovasi baru dalam bidang sosial ekonomi dan termasuk di
dalamnya koperasi. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span><br>
</div>

Kesenjangan Sosial Ekonomi Dan Inovasi Sosial

Oleh : Suroto** Perkenalkan, nama saya Suroto, saya adalah ketua dari Asosiasi Kader Sosio-Ekonomi Strategis (AKSES), merupakan o...

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Rabu, 17 Mei 2017

Demokratisasi Perusahaan

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<div style="text-align: left;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Oleh : Suroto</span></b></div>
</div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><br></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Bagaimana
kepemilikan kebanyakan perusahaan disusun dan ditangan siapa perusahaan itu
dikendalikan maka disitulah dapat diukur seberapa demokratis perusahaan itu.
Sudah barang tentu ini turut menentukan seberapa demokratis suatu sistem
demokrasi negara tersebut.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>

Demokratisasi Perusahaan

Oleh : Suroto Bagaimana kepemilikan kebanyakan perusahaan disusun dan ditangan siapa perusahaan itu dikendalikan maka disitulah d...

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Koperasi Sebagai Usaha Besar

Koperasi Sebagai Usaha Besar

Oleh : Suroto Selama ini orang mengenal koperasi di tanah air semata sebagai entitas bisnis kecil-kecilan. Seperti simpan pinjam da...

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Reforma Agraria dan Koperasi

Reforma Agraria dan Koperasi

Oleh : Suroto Pemerintah dalam tahun ini berencana untuk merealisasikan percepatan pembaharuan reforma agraria sebagai salah satu s...

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Kamis, 09 Februari 2017

Perumahan dan Koperasi

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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Oleh : Suroto</span></b></div>
</div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kebutuhan
papan (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">house</i>) memiliki peranan
penting untuk membangun bangsa. Sebab dari rumah yang sehat dan memberikan
keteduhan dan kebahagiaan (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">home</i>) merupakan
sarana strategis untuk membangun masyarakat dan bangsa. </span></div>
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<br></div>

Perumahan dan Koperasi

Oleh : Suroto Kebutuhan papan ( house ) memiliki peranan penting untuk membangun bangsa. Sebab dari rumah yang sehat dan memberikan...

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Demokratisasi Perusahaan

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Kamis, 09 Februari 2017

Perumahan dan Koperasi

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